Cervical Cancer
Overview :
The cervix is a component of the female reproductive system. It is the lower, narrow part of the uterus. Cervical cancer is a slow growing cancer. It is most commonly caused by Human Papilloma virus (HPV). About 85-90% of Cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas , the remaining being adenocarcinomas.
Symptoms
1
Bleeding between or following periods
2
Menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than the normal duration
3
Bleeding after sexual intercourse
4
Pain during sexual intercourse
5
Bleeding after menopause
6
Increased vaginal discharge
Diagnosis
- Pap test and HPV DNA tests are most commonly performed.
- Colposcopy, CT Scan/ MRI Scan or a PET scan may also be required
Treatment
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
Bladder Cancer
Most common bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (initiate in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder). Others may include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Certain genetic changes in the DNA within the normal bladder cells can make them grow abnormally and form cancers.
Symptoms
1
Blood in urine
2
Excessive Urination
3
Pain or burning during Urination
4
Inability to urinate as the disease advances
5
Unilateral lower back pain
6
Loss of appetite
7
Swelling of feet
Diagnosis
- Apart from a detailed history and physical examination, Cystoscopy , Biopsy , Urine Cytology along with Imaging like CT Scan or MRI.
Treatment
- Surgery (TURBT, Cystectomy , Urinary Diversion)
- Radiotherapy as an adjunct to Surgery
- Chemotherapy (Intravesical or local and Systemic )
- Immunotherapy